ROBOTIC SURGERY
Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, enables physicians to conduct various intricate procedures with greater accuracy, flexibility, and control compared to conventional methods. Typically associated with minimally invasive surgery involving small incisions, robotic surgery is also utilized in certain traditional open surgical procedures.
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Components of a Robotic Surgical System
The primary components of a widely used clinical robotic surgical system include a camera arm and mechanical arms equipped with surgical instruments. The surgeon, seated at a computer console near the operating table, controls these arms. The console provides the surgeon with a high-definition, magnified, 3D view of the surgical site, leading a team of other members who assist during the operation.
The Surgeon's Console
The surgeon's console is a crucial part of robotic surgery. It serves as the command center where the surgeon sits and operates the robotic arms. The console provides a detailed, real-time view of the surgical site and allows the surgeon to control the robotic arms with precision. This setup enhances the surgeon's ability to perform complex procedures with improved dexterity.
Advantages of Robotic Surgery
- Enhanced precision, flexibility, and control
- Clearer view of the surgical site
- Ability to perform intricate and complex procedures
- Minimally invasive procedures with small incisions
Applications of Robotic Surgery
Robotic surgery is employed in various medical specialties for a wide range of procedures. Some common applications include:
- Cardiac surgery
- Gastrointestinal surgery
- Urologic surgery
- Gynecologic surgery
- Head and neck surgery
Robotic Systems Used for Surgeries
- Da Vinci Surgical System: One of the most well-known robotic surgical systems.
- Other Systems:
- Da Vinci Xi
- Medtronic's Mazor X
- Verb Surgical System (developed by Verily and Johnson & Johnson)
Commonly Used for Procedures
- Prostate Surgery: Commonly used for prostatectomies.
- Gynaecological Procedures: Beneficial for hysterectomies and other gynaecological surgeries.
- Cardiac Procedures: Utilized for some heart surgeries, such as mitral valve repair.
- Colorectal Surgery: Applied to certain procedures in the colon and rectum.
- Head and Neck Surgery: Increasingly used for surgeries in sensitive areas like the head and neck.
Trends for the Future
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Integration of AI to enhance robotic system capabilities.
- Telepresence Surgery: Advancements in connectivity for remote robotic surgeries.
- Miniaturization: Ongoing efforts to make robotic systems smaller for expanded applications and reduced costs.
- Haptic Feedback: Development of haptic feedback systems for a sense of touch during robotic procedures.
Opinions on Robotic Surgery
Dr. Birbala Rai was quite excited after performing her first robotic surgery last month at PSRI Hospital, New Delhi. A highly complicated procedure was done with ease as she sat behind a console, having a 3D vision of the surgical area, while robotic arms precisely performed the surgery. "A woman was in her third surgery, and after two days of the surgery, she was discharged from the hospital," says Dr. Rai, Hon. Senior Consultant, Gynaecology.
“There is a quiet tsunami of robotic surgery headed our way,” said T. Sloane Guy, MD, MBA, FACS, FACC, director of minimally invasive and robotic cardiac surgery at the Georgia Heart Institute with the Northeast Georgia Physician Group in Gainesville.
“Robotic surgery is an advanced technique increasingly being adopted in all surgical specialties,” says Dr. Phu. “It is not appropriate to treat every condition, but your doctor will work with you and your surgeon to assess your needs and decide on the best course of action.”
